Integrated Analytical–Experimental Framework for Power Factor Optimization Using Capacitors

Abstract

The power factor is one of the key indicators of energy efficiency in electrical systems. A low power factor, often caused by inductive loads such as motors, leads to increased energy losses and higher operating costs. one effective solution to address this issue is the use of capacitors, which compensate for reactive power and help raise the power factor to acceptable levels (0.95 or higher). Improving the power factor contributes to reduced current draw, lower energy losses, improved voltage levels, and less stress on network components. Field measurements and simulations have demonstrated that the strategic installation of capacitors enhances overall system performance and reduces operating costs. Additionally, the financial payback period for investing in this technology is often short, making it an economical and practical choice for industrial and commercial facilities. To achieve this, it is essential that the power factor value is optimal for the electrical system. The study addresses the problems caused by inductive loads, which draw reactive power in addition to active power, thereby increasing the demand for apparent power supplied by generation stations. As a result, power losses occur across the electrical network.