Legislative Frameworks and International Cooperation for Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in Libya: Between International Standard Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Abstract

1. This research analyzes the evolution of Libyan anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing legislation and its compliance with international standards and FATF recommendations, while identifying the challenges hindering its practical implementation, Using descriptive-analytical, comparative, historical, and prospective methodologies, the study finds that although Libya possesses a relatively compliant legislative framework - particularly through Law No, (2) of 2005 and its amendments under Law No. (10) of 2013 - its effectiveness remains constrained by political fragmentation, institutional weakness, cash-economy dominance, and limited international cooperation, creating a significant gap between legislative text and practical application.